diabetes
: any of various abnormal conditions characterized by the secretion and
excretion of excessive amounts of urine; especially : DIABETES MELLITUS
diabetes mellitus
: a variable disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a combination
of hereditary and environmental factors and usually characterized by inadequate
secretion or utilization of insulin, by excessive urine production, by excessive
amounts of sugar in the blood and urine, and by thirst, hunger, and loss
of weight
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
: TYPE I DIABETES -- abbreviation IDDM
type I diabetes
: a form of diabetes mellitus that usually develops during childhood or
adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency in insulin secretion
resulting from atrophy of the islets of Langerhans and causing hyperglycemia
and a marked tendency towards ketoacidosis -- called also insulin-dependent
diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
atrophy
1 : decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue; also : arrested
development or loss of a part or organ incidental to the normal development
or life of an animal or plant
2 : a wasting away or progressive decline : DEGENERATION <the atrophy
of freedom> <was not a solitude of atrophy, of negation, but of perpetual
flowering -- Willa Cather>
Islet of Langerhans
: any of the groups of small slightly granular endocrine cells that form
anastomosing trabeculae among the tubules and alveoli of the pancreas and
secrete insulin and glucagon -- called also islet
hyperglycemia
: excess of sugar in the blood
acidosis
: an abnormal condition characterized by reduced alkalinity of the blood
and of the body tissues
keto
: of or relating to a ketone; also : containing a ketone group
ketone
: an organic compound (as acetone) with a carbonyl group attached to two
carbon atoms
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
: TYPE II DIABETES -- abbreviation NIDDM
type II diabetes
: a common form of diabetes mellitus that develops especially in adults
and most often in obese individuals and that is characterized by hyperglycemia
resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability
to compensate with increased insulin production -- called also non-insulin-dependent
diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
insulin
: a protein pancreatic hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans that
is essential especially for the metabolism of carbohydrates and is used
in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus
insulin shock
: hypoglycemia associated with the presence of excessive insulin in the
system and characterized by progressive development of coma